CHAPTER 2
MANAGEMENT
OBJECTIVES:
1. The students
are able to explain the definition of words concerning with management.
2. The students
are able to explain what to say when giving and receiving feedback.
INTRODUCTION TO MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP STYLE
Management is the process of
planning, organizing, leading, and controlling the resource in an organization.
Some of these resources are human, some are material, and some financial. These
resources must be managed in a way that allows a company to achieve goals of
supplying its products or services to the marketplace while also making a
profit. How individual managers work within this managerial process is termed leadership
style. Leadership is the way in which managers interact with their subordinates
in order to achieve company objectives.
Democratic, authoritarian, and laissez-faire are the examples of
leadership styles.
Planning, organizing, leading, and
controlling are all aspects of a manager’s job. Planning involves determining
what the organization needs to do and the best way to achieve it. A crucial
part of this step is decision making. The second basic managerial activity is
organizing. In this portion of the manager’s job, he or she must determine how
best to arrange resources, human and material, to achieve desired goals. The
third managerial function is leading. In this area of a manager’s job, he or
she must guide and motivate employees to accomplish company objectives. Through
leadership, managers must exert influence and communicate with their employees
to ensure that employees understand and carry out assigned tasks. The fourth
managerial function, controlling, means monitoring the firm’s performance, make
sure that goals are being achieve. Managers compare actual performance with
planning performance, and make changes based on the results.
In order for their companies to be
successful, managers must formulate company objectives. Objectives are guidelines
and goals for an organization to follow and achieve. Why should we use
objectives? Objectives give the business a direction. Objectives set the
standards for the company. In addition, objectives motivate the workers and
managers to contribute their best efforts.
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QUESTIONS
- What is management?
- What are the resources in an organization?
- What is meant by leadership?
- What is leadership style?
- Mention kinds of leadership style!
- According to you, what are some advantages and disadvantages of each managerial style? Which would you prefer if you are the manager?
- Mention four managerial function you know!
- What is objective?
- Why should the company formulate the objectives?
- What is a good manager?
- What personal qualities do you think a manager should have?
- Have you ever worked under the supervision of a manager? Was this person an effective manager? Why or why not?
- Have you ever supervised people? Do you think you were an effective manager? Why or why not?
- What must happen to ensure that managers and employees from different cultures can work together successfully?
- What do you know about Japanese style?
- Why do you think the Japanese have been so successful economically?
In each set of words or
idioms, cross out the word that does not have a similar meaning. Discuss the
relationship between the words in each set.
1. Substitute temporary replacement permanent
2. Lean sparse abundant insufficient
3. Burden freedom responsibility strain
4. Jot down sit down write take
notes
5. Penalize punish discipline reward
6. Calisthenics exercise aerobics inactivity
7. Keep on stop continue remain
8. Betray abandon loyal unfaithful
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2. LANGUAGE SKILL
Giving and receiving
Feedback
Effective managers know how and when
to give feedback---telling other people how you feel about them or about
something they’ve done---in such a way that it will benefits the employee and
his or her performance. One important objective of giving feedback is that it
should be helpful to the other person and allow him or her to become more
effective.
Answer the following
questions, using what you know about feedback.
1. When is feedback given? (Give a
specific example!)
2. Why is feedback necessary?
3. Tell about a situation in which
you received positive or negative feedback!
a. What
exactly was said?
b. What was
your reaction?
The following are the things
that you should remember when giving feedback.
1. Feedback is
intended to help the individual receiving it.
2. Be descriptive
rather than evaluative. (Describe the behavior/action, don’t judge it.)
3. Be specific
rather than general, with good, clear, and recent examples.
4. Give feedback
at a time when the receiver appears ready to handle it.
5. Give only as
much as the receiver can handle at one time.
The following are the
things that you should remember when receiving feedback.
1. Try not to be
defensive.
2. Be sure you
understand what the person is saying. Summarize the points briefly.
3. Understand that
the purpose of feedback is to further develop one’s effectiveness.
What to Say When Giving
Feedback
When giving
feedback to someone, don’t just say,” You talk too much.” Instead it is better
to be more specific by describing the behavior,” I’ve noticed at our weekly
department meetings that you frequently give your opinion and don’t allow
others to give theirs. At our last meeting, the other managers became
frustrated and lost interest because they weren’t able to contribute”.
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What to Say When Receiving
Feedback
When you receive
feedback such as the kind described above, remain calm and consider what is
being said with an open mind. Don’t respond,” How can you that? I always allow
other people to speak. Anyway, my opinion is more valuable than theirs. I’ve
been with this company a lot longer than they have.” Instead say,” You think
that I talk too much at our meetings? Well, I wasn’t aware of that. I’ll keep
that in mind at our next meeting.”
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