CHAPTER 4
HUMAN RESOURCES
OBJECTIVES:
1. The students
are able to explain the definitions of words concerning with human
resources.
2. The students
are able to explain what should be done by the interviewer and interviewee.
1. INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN RESOURCES
In order for a company to hire the
right person for the right job, the human resources manager must do many things.
The human resources manager must first write a job description of the position
that outlines the objectives, responsibilities, and key tasks in a job. It also
describes the conditions of the job and its relationship to other positions. In
addition to the job-description, there is the job-specification. This describes
the necessary skills, education, and experience needed to fill the position. A
human resources manager also needs to forecast the demand for labor.
As a first step, accompany must
gather a large number of interested and qualified applicants for a position.
This the recruitment phase. Managers must then sort through the applicants and
select the best candidate for the job.
When an employee is hired, some form
of orientation is usually given. This helps the employee learn more about the
job, the company’s policies, and its programs. At this time, new employees
usually meet the people with whom they will be interacting.
Next, an employee is given some sort
of training. This could be either 0n-the-job training or off-the-job training.
On-the-job training occurs while an employee is actually at work, whereas
off-the-job training takes place at a location away from the work site, usually
a classroom.
Every company needs to asses the
performance of its employees in some way. This assessment is called performance
appraisal. It is an evaluation of how well workers are doing in their jobs.
Workers must first formulate goals and performance expectations with their
managers. Then expectations are compared with actual performance. This
comparison is used in making decisions about training, promotions,
compensation, and dismissal of the employee.
Wages and salaries are the amounts
paid to employees for their work. Wages are sums that are paid according to the
number of hours worked or the number of units produced. Salary, on the other
hand, is paid at regular intervals in return for doing a job, regardless of the
amount of time or output involved.
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Aside from wages and salaries,
companies may also offer incentive programs to the employees. These programs
are designed to motivate improved performance and productive by offering
additional pay over and above the normal wage or salary level. A common example
of this is a sales bonus. In a bonus arrangement, if an employee sells a
certain number or dollar amount, he will receive a special payment in addition
to his wage or salary. Those employees who do not reach this goal will earn no
bonus.
Another type of incentive is profit
sharing. This is based on profit levels of the firm. Profit earned above a
certain level is distributed to employees. Stock ownership by all employees
serves as an incentive to lowering costs and increasing productivity and
profits, and the increasing the value of the employees’ stock
In addition to incentive, wages, and
salaries, firms offer their workers benefits in return for their work. Examples
of these include health insurance, retirement benefits, and paid vacations and
holidays.
QUESTIONS
Answer the following questions based on the passage!
1. What should the
human resources manager do in order for a company to hire the
right person for the right job?
2. What are the
steps in selecting a new employee?
3. What is the
recruitment phase?
4. What is the
function of orientation?
5. Mention two
kinds of training for a new employee!
6. What is
on-the-job training?
7. What is
off-the-job training?
8. Which form of
training is better for both the employee and the company? Explain!
9. What is
performance appraisal?
10. Explain why
performance appraisals are necessary and an important aspect of
business!
11. How do
companies compensate their workers?
12. Why is it
important to match the right employee with the right job?
13. What benefits
do you consider most and least important in attracting workers? In
keeping workers? In motivating workers?
14. Select your
job, and find out a job description and a job specification for this
position!
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WRITING THE RESUME
Before you can go on a job interview
and be hired by a company, it is important to have a resume highlighting your
background and experience. Fill in the following information about yourself to
help organize your resume.
______________________________________________________________________
Name : …………………………
Address : …………………………
Telephone : …………………………
EDUCATION
(What kind of
degree, diploma, or certificate did you receive?)
(Where did you
receive it?)
(When did you
receive it?)
WORK EXPERIENCE
(Position or job
title)
(Name of company
or organization)
(When and how long
were you employed there?)
(What did you do?)
OUTSTANDING ACCOMPLISHMENTS
(What honors or
awards have you received? Or What special skills do you possess?)
LANGUAGE SKILLS
(Which languages
do you speak, read, or write? List only if fluent.)
______________________________________________________________________
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The following is the
example of the resume.
______________________________________________________________________
RESUME
Gustavo Lopez
Caleruiga 11
28033 Madrid , Spain
Telephone :
34-1-541988
Work Experience
Title Executive Director
Where Buenos Noches Hotel Chain (1986-Present)
Responsibilities
- Managed operations for
six resort hotels.
- Promoted hotels to
travel agents in Germany , England , and France
- Renovated and expanded
hotels to be more elegant and to hold 50 percent more guests.
- Arranged “Package
deals” with Iberia , the
national airline of Spain
- Achieved a year-round
average occupancy rate of 89 percent.
Outstanding Accomplishments
Helped the government to promote
hotels in Barcelona
Education
Graduate of the University of Madrid
Languages
Fluent in Spanish, French, and English.
______________________________________________________________________
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Read the following statements and determine which term
in the list describes the statement best.
Orientation profit
sharing performance appraisal
Benefits off-the-job
training wages
Salary job
description recruiting
Job-specification on-the-job
training incentive program
1. The Mishka
Company is coming to campus next week to interview accounting
majors…………………..
2. I just got
$2,000-a-year raise ….
3. The job says
that the position requires the individual to interact with top management
on a regular basis………………...
4. My first day on
the job is Monday……………..
5. Do you need an
MBA for the job?........................
6. I just got accepted
into the management training program at Bueno& Bueno. I will
spend the first six weeks at company
headquarters with thirty other new trainees….….
7. I exceeded my
monthly sales goal and now the company is giving me a VCR……..
8. I go on vacation
next week……………...
9. I get paid
$6.50 an hour………………….
10. I always try
to work efficiently so I can contribute to the profitability of the company.
………………………..
2. LANGUAGE SKILL
PROFESSIONAL INTERVIEWING
The following are
some guidelines to aid you in the interviewing process, both as an interviewee
and as an interviewer.
INTERVIEWER
1. Create a
supportive climate
-
Introduce yourself
-
Use a warm, friendly tone of
voice
-
Spend a few minutes in small
talk before you begin.
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-
Don’t communicate an attitude
of superiority.
2. Structure the
interview. Spend the first 60-70 percent of the interview discussing the
candidate, and the last 30-40 percent
discussing the company and job.
3. Probe
thoroughly.
-
Ask for clarification:” What
exactly does that mean?”
-
Ask for elaboration :” Can you
tell me more about that?”
4. Take notes of
key information.
5. Pace the
interview. Don’t get bogged down in one area.
6. Allow the
candidate time to ask questions.
7. Conclude the
interview:
-
Thank the candidate for his or
her time and tell him or her what to expect in terms of a follow-up.
-
Don’t give misleading cues to
the candidate.
INTERVIEWEE
1. Dress formally
and appropriately.
2. Be prepared.
Know as much about the company and the job as possible and know
why
you’re the person they should hire.
3. Practice
answering possible questions.
4. Be on time.
It’s best to get there a little early to allow time in case you get lost and
need to fix your clothes and hair.
5. Make a list of
questions beforehand to ask the interviewer.
6. Give a firm
handshake when greeting the interviewer and when saying good-bye.
7. Maintain eye
contact.
8. Be confident
and try to act as calmly as possible.
9. Be honest.
10. Follow up the
interview with a letter restating your interest and qualifications. If
there was something that you wanted to say
but didn’t, say it now. Also thank the
interviewer.
COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES
These are some
questions that may be asked during an interview. Use them as a guide when either
conducting a job interview or being interviewed.
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WORK
EXPERIENCE
1. What jobs have
you held? How were they obtained? Why did you leave?
2. What did you
like most about your jobs ? Least?
3. What were your
primary accomplishments?
4. Why did you
choose your field of work?
5. What has been
your greatest frustration or disappointment in your current job?
EDUCATION
AND TRAINING
1. Why did you
choose particular place of study (University, technical school, college,
etc)?
2. Do you feel
your grades reflect the kind of work you are capable of doing?
3. How well has
your schooling prepared you for your career?
SELF-ASSESSMENT
1. Describe
yourself?
2. What makes you
a good investment for an employer?
3. How do you feel
about your progress so far?
GOALS
AND EXPECTATIONS
1. Where would you
like to be in five years? In ten years?
2. Why do you
think you would like to work for us?
3. Aside from
money, what do you want most from a job?
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